If you’re new to GLP-1 or GIP treatments, or just looking to understand them better, read this GLP-1 FAQ for answers to the questions you need to know.
1. What is GLP-1, and how does it work?
GLP-1 (Glucagon-like Peptide-1) is a hormone that regulates blood sugar and appetite. GLP-1 medications stimulate insulin release when blood sugar levels rise, slow gastric emptying to help you feel full longer, and reduce hunger signals in the brain. These effects improve blood sugar control and often promote weight loss. The most well known GLP-1 medication is Semaglutide (Ozempic/Wegovy).
2. What is GIP, and how does it work?
GIP (Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide) is another hormone that plays a role in blood sugar control and fat metabolism. GIP medications stimulate insulin release in response to food intake and help the body use glucose more efficiently. They also influence fat metabolism, encouraging fat cells to use glucose and reducing fat storage, which can contribute to gradual weight loss and improve lipid profiles.
3. What is the difference between GLP-1 and GIP drugs?
While both GLP-1 and GIP drugs help manage blood sugar levels, their effects differ. GLP-1 medications are especially effective for appetite control, as they slow gastric emptying and reduce hunger through effects on the brain, making them beneficial for weight loss. GIP drugs, on the other hand, focus on fat metabolism and lipid improvement, supporting overall metabolic health and cardiovascular markers. Dual GLP-1/GIP medications, like Tirzepatide (Monjuro/Zepbound), combine both mechanisms, enhancing blood sugar control, weight loss, and cardiovascular benefits.
4. How long does it take for GLP-1 to start working?
Many people notice some effects, like a reduced appetite or improved blood sugar levels, within the first week. However, achieving the full benefits—whether it’s weight loss or blood sugar stability—may take several weeks, especially as the dose is gradually increased to minimize side effects.
5. What are the common side effects?
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and bloating. These symptoms are typically mild to moderate and often decrease over time as the body adjusts. Starting with a lower dose and gradually increasing it can also help reduce these effects. Read more about side effects and how to manage them.
6. How should I take GLP-1/GIP medications?
GLP-1 and dual GLP-1/GIP medications come in the form of a weekly injection, sometimes via a auto-injector pen and sometimes via a vial and syringe needles. The specific dosing schedule depends on the medication and your prescription. It’s essential to follow instructions from your healthcare provider and to use the medication as directed.
7. Can GLP-1 medications help with weight loss?
Yes, both GLP-1 medications are often used for weight management because they can decrease appetite, reduce calorie intake, and support gradual weight loss. Some medications in this category are FDA-approved specifically for weight management, even in individuals without diabetes.
8. Do I need to change my diet or lifestyle while on GLP-1?
While GLP-1 medications aid in weight loss and blood sugar control, combining the medication with a balanced diet and regular physical activity generally enhances results. Even if you don’t change the way you eat, the medication will likely prevent you from over-indulging via appetite suppression. Many users choose to keep track of their calorie intake while on the medication while others find it unnecessary, while still losing weight.
9. What happens if I miss a dose?
If you miss a dose, refer to the specific instructions for your medication. Since GLP-1 medications are dosed as weekly injections, you may be able to take it within a certain window, typically a few days, but it’s best to check your medication’s guidelines or consult your healthcare provider. Never take another dose within 3 days of your last dose.
10. Are GLP-1 medications safe for long-term use?
Clinical studies indicate that GLP-1 medications are safe and effective for long-term use, particularly for diabetes management and weight loss. However, as with all medications, regular check-ups with your healthcare provider are essential to monitor for any potential side effects or health changes. Many users consider GLP-1 medications to be a lifelong drug due to their blood sugar regulation and anti-inflammatory properties.
11. How much weight can I expect to lose on GLP-1?
Weight loss varies widely among individuals but generally ranges from 10-25% of starting body weight over a year on average, depending on starting body weight. Factors like diet, activity level, and adherence to medication will impact individual results.
12. Can GLP-1 medications interact with other medications I’m taking?
Yes, GLP-1/GIP medications can interact with other drugs, particularly those for diabetes, as they may increase the risk of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Discuss all current medications with your healthcare provider to avoid potential interactions and safely manage blood sugar levels.
13. Do GLP-1 users regain weight after stopping the medication?
Many users of GLP-1 medications do experience some degree of weight regain after stopping the medication. However, the amount and rate of regain can vary widely. For users who make lasting lifestyle changes—like adopting a balanced diet, consistent exercise, and portion control—weight regain can be minimized. For those who experience significant benefits from GLP-1 medications, healthcare providers sometimes recommend a long-term maintenance plan, even at a reduced dose, to help sustain weight loss.
Each of the answers in this GLP-1 FAQ addresses common concerns for new GLP-1 and GIP users. Keep in mind that individual circumstances vary, so regular consultation with a healthcare provider ensures personalized guidance for safe and effective treatment.
